A
tabular presentation of nominal or ordinal data as classes along with the
frequency of their occurrence is called frequency
distribution.
Line graph is appropriate when
we need to present the movement or variation in a variable. It is quite
simple to draw and indicates the increase or decrease in a variable over time
or across observations. Line graphs can be used
for discrete data.
Histogram is a rectangular diagram where the area of
each rectangle is proportional to the frequency of the respective class.
remember that histogram is appropriate for continuous data arranged into class
intervals. It is not used for discrete data.
The area under the
frequency polygon should be same as the area under the histogram. Hence, we
draw two additional class intervals, one on each end of the histogram.
Bar diagrams are more appropriate
for quantitative data
A component bar diagram presents the
components of a phenomenon so that a comparison can be made. It is more
appropriate for qualitative data. The
bars corresponding to each category is divided into various components. It is
used when comparisons are to be shown between two or more sets of data. A set
of bars for a period or place or a related phenomenon is drawn side by side
without gap. Different bars are distinguished from one another by different
shades or colours.
Pie chart is widely used to
show share of different components in
a variable. It is a circle sub-divided into components to present proportion of
different constituent parts of a
total.
Frequency Polygon: It
is a broken line graph to represent a frequency distribution and can be
obtained either from a histogram or directly from the distribution.
Frequency Curve: It
is a smoothed graph of a frequency distribution obtained from frequency polygon through free hand
tracing in such a way that the area under both of them is approximately the
same.
Continuous Frequency: A
continuous frequency distribution in formed where the variable can take any
value between two numbers like height and weight, income, temperatures, etc.
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